Wrested Scriptures - Turjumaad Soomaali

HORUMARKA NOOLAHA (EVOLUTION)

QODOBBO HORDHAC AH

Waxay u muuqataa in Christadelphians badan ay aad ugu kalsoon yihiin inay wax baraan saaxiibbo aqbalaya awoodda Kitaabka, marka loo eego kuwa weli u baahan in loo caddeeyo awooddiisa. Laakiin waxaa suuragal ah in kooxda dambe ee su'aal-weydiiyeyaasha iyo ardaydu ay noqdaan qayb sii kordhaysa oo ka mid ah dadka lala xidhiidhayo.

Mid ka mid ah sababaha waaweyn ee guud ahaan hoos ugu dhaca rumaysadka waxyiga Kitaabka waa aqbalidda baahsan ee evolution-ka sidii sharaxaadda "sayniska" ee asalka iyo horumarka nolosha. Sida qoraa uu arkay:

Sheekadan kun jeer ayaa la sheegi karaa: kaniisad Masiixi ah, dugsi, urur hawl-gal diimeed ama hay'ad kale oo ay aasaaseen rag rumaysad xooggan ku qaba Kitaabka - rumaysad ah in Qorniinku si eray-eray ah, dhammeystiran oo aan qalad lahayn u waxyooday - ayaa si tartiib ah oo joogto ah uga leexata aasaaskeeda, ugu dambayntiina ku degta ciidda casriyaynta diinta iyo cilmaaniyadda. Musiibadan oo marar badan soo noqnoqota waxay ku dhowdahay inay had iyo jeer ka bilaabato su'aal gelinta abuurista sida Kitaabku u sheegay. Qisada Qorniinka ee asalka waxyaalaha waa in si uun loogu waafajiyaa aragtiyaha sayniska ee ugu dambeeya ee asalka - kuwaas oo mar walba evolution ku salaysan. Is-waafajintani si lama huraan ah ayay u jilcisaa caqiidada waxyiga iyo qalad-la'aanta Kitaabka. Ficillada kale ee abuurista Ilaah - taas oo ah mucjisooyinka la diiwaangeliyey - ayaa la bilaabaa in la su'aalo, waxaana la qaataa aragti waxyiga Kitaabka ah oo oggolaanaysa xaddidaado dhaqan iyo xitaa is-khilaafyo cad. Ugu dambayn waxa la yidhaahdaa hawsha ku habboon Masiixiyiinta casriga ahi waa "hawl bulsho" oo badan, iyadoo la doonayo in nidaamka bulshada mustaqbalka loo horumariyo bulsho bini-aadamnimo oo ka sii horumarsan oo iftiin badan.

Christadelphians badan waxay dareemaan raaxo-darro marka ay isku dayayaan inay evolutionist kula doodaan goobtiisa takhasuska. Badanaa arrintaas sabab wanaagsan baa jirta, maadaama Christadelphian-ku laga yaabo inuusan si fiican u aqoon eray-bixinta gaarka ah iyo xogta maaddo saynis ah oo gaar ah. Laakiin Christadelphian-ku aad buu ugu awood badan yahay inuu sharaxo runaha waaweyn ee Erayga qoran.

1 Qaab-feker evolution-ku salaysan ayaa si ballaadhan loogu adeegsaday culuumta dabeecadda aadanaha sida cilmi-nafsiga, anthropology-ga iyo sociology-ga, iyo sidoo kale bayoolajiga. Sir Julian Huxley, bayoolajiiste British ah oo caan ah, wuxuu xoogga saaray dabeecadda ballaadhan ee falsafadda evolution-ka: fikradda evolution-ka si dhakhso ah ayaa loogu fidiyey meelo ka baxsan bayoolajiga. Mawduucyo aan noole ahayn sida taariikhda xiddigaha iyo samaysanka curiyayaasha kiimikaad, iyo dhinaca kale luqadaha, anthropology-ga bulshada, sharciga isbarbardhigga iyo diinta, ayaa dhammaantood laga bilaabay in laga barto dhinaca evolution-ka, ilaa maanta evolution loo arko hannaan caalami ah oo wax walba dhex mara. Julian Huxley, "Evolution and Genetics", gudaha What is Science, ed. J. R. Newman (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1955), p. 272.

2 Erayga "Christian" qoraagu wuxuu halkan ugu adeegsaday macnaha caanka ah ee qof "Ciise Masiix raacaya". Waxaa ka habboon in erayga "Christian" lagu koobo rumaystayaasha hal Injiil, oo qodobadiisa aasaasiga ah lagu soo koobay Christadelphian Birmingham Amended Statement of Faith.

3 Henry Morris, The Twilight of Evolution (Michigan: Baker Book House Co., 1963), hordhaca.

In kasta oo uusan ahayn khabiir, caqliga iyo doodda saxda ahi ma aha wax koox gaar ahi leedahay. Christadelphian kastaa waa inuu naftiisa siiyo aqoon ku filan oo uu si cad ugu qeexo nooca caddaynta looga baahan yahay in si macquul ah loogu taageero evolution. Markaas caddayn kasta oo la keeno - xitaa haddii hore aan loo aqoon - waxaa lagu qiimeyn karaa shuruudo la dejiyey. Habkani wuxuu ka caawiyaa in doodda evolution-ka nidaam yeelato, loogana fogaado muran ku saabsan waxyaalo yaryar ama aan khusayn. Dabadeed waddada ayaa loo banneeyaa waxbarid Kitaab ah oo wax dhisaysa.

ISTARAATIJIYAD LA SOO JEEDIYEY

1. Ku adkayso in marka hore erayga evolution si cad loo qeexo. Buugaagta bayoolajigu eraygan saddex siyaabood ayay u adeegsadaan:

a) Isbeddel tartiib ah oo ku yimaadda astaamaha nooc noolaha ah muddo dheer. Christadelphian-ku qasab ma aha inuu ka walaaco qeexitaankan, sababtoo ah isbeddello yar yar ayaa dhab ahaan ka dhici kara nooc gudihiisa iyada oo aan dabeecaddiisa aasaasiga ahi is beddelin. Tusaale ahaan, dadka maanta celcelis ahaan way ka dheer yihiin oo way ka culus yihiin dadka boqol sano ka hor noolaa.

b) "Kala-duwanaansho jiif ah" - nooc keliya oo isu kala baxa tiro noocyo ah oo leh astaamo isku dhow. Mar kale, Christadelphian-ku qasab ma aha inuu ka walaaco qeexitaankan; noocyo badan oo eeyo ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka yimaadeen nooc ey ah oo keliya, laakiin dhammaantood weli waa eeyo.

c) "Evolution toosan" - qaababka hadda jira oo laga soo horumariyey tiro yar oo qaabab hore oo fudud ah, iyadoo kakanaanta iyo horumarku sii kordhayeen qarniyada. Waa qeexitaankan kan ka hor imanaya ficillada abuurista gaarka ah ee Ilaah ee Bilowgii. Caddaynta ku saabsan a) iyo b) ayaa inta badan si khalad ah loogu adeegsanayaa taageeridda c).

1 Waxaa waxtar leh in la ogaado in suugaanta bayoolajiga lagu tilmaamay qiyaastii 1,000,000 nooc oo xayawaan ah iyo 250,000 nooc oo dhir ah. Qaybinta taxonomy-ga badanaa waxay raacdaa qaabkii Linnaeus, botanist Swedish ah. Kala-soociddu waxay adeegsataa heerarkan:

Boqortooyo - dhir ama xayawaan; Phylum - kooxo fasallo xidhiidh leh;

Fasal - qoysas leh astaamo aasaasi ah oo wadaag ah;

Qoys - koox genera ah;

Genus - noocyo leh astaamo wadaag ah;

Species - noocyo dhir ama xayawaan ah.

Species waxaa lagu qeexaa inay yihiin shakhsiyaadka nooc keliya oo isu dhexeeya oo keliya astaamo yaryar marka laga reebo jinsiga; dhinacyo qaarkood si cad uga soocan species kale; dhexdoodana taran kara, laakiin marka species kale lala isku daro ugu yaraan qayb ahaan madhalays noqda. Edward O. Dodson, Evolution: Process and Product,

(New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1960), p. 28.

Tusaale ahaan, labada shimbirood ee red-headed woodpecker iyo red-winged blackbird waxaa loo kala saari lahaa sidan:

Red-headed woodpecker: Animalia; Chordata; Aves; Piciformes; Picidae; Melanerpe erythrocephalus.

Red-winged blackbird: Animalia; Chordata; Aves; Passeriformes; Icteridae; Agelaius phoeniceus.

Taxonomy: Kingdom; Phylum; Class; Family; Genus; Species.

2. Waxaa waxtar leh in la sii ogaado in caddaynta "evolution toosan" badanaa laga keeno afar meelood oo waaweyn:

A. Paleontology - daraasadda hadhaaga fosillada xayawaanka iyo dhirta dabar go'ay, oo ay ku jiraan raadadka jiritaankooda sida raad-cagoodka ku jira slate, dhoobo ama dhuxul. Waxay isku daydaa inay dejiso kala horreynta ay nooluhu u noolaayeen.

B. Morphology iyo Comparative Anatomy - daraasadda isbarbardhigga noolaha nool iyo kuwa dhintay si loo arko isu ekaanshaha iyo kala duwanaanshaha laga yaabo inay tilmaamaan xidhiidh iyo suurtagalnimada in qaab keliya mid kale ka soo baxay.

C. Embryology - daraasadda noolaha koraya ka hor dhalashadiisa.

Waxaa la isbarbardhigaa qaababka qaangaadhka ah ama kuwa koraya ee noolayaal kala duwan.

D. Genetics - daraasadda sida astaamaha waalidku ugu gudbaan farcankooda iyo sida kala duwanaansho cusub uga dhalan karo. Waxa kale oo ay si tijaabo ah u baaraysaa taranta, halkaas oo kala-duwanaansho cusub la soo saaro lana xoojiyo.

3. Guud ahaan caddaynta doodda lagu keeno waxaa si naqdiyaysan loogu qiimeyn karaa qaabkan:

A. Paleontology

a) Caddaynta loo baahan yahay - Dood macquul ah oo taageerta evolution toosan waa inay muujisaa taxane si aad u fiican isu dhex mara oo ka socda fudud ilaa adag, muddo dheer oo taariikh evolution ah.

b) Caddaynta maqan: i. Ugu badnaan, baaritaanka paleontology-gu wuxuu muujin karaa in qaab nololeed uu ka dambeeyey mid kale - xitaa haddii si deeqsinimo leh loo qato in kala horreynta fosillada ee rogman la sharixi karo. Paleontology-ga hadda jira ma caddaynayo farac toos ah. ii. Diiwaanka fosilladu ma muujiyo taxane si fiican u kala gudbaya oo ka socda fudud ilaa adag.

1 Caddaynta evolution-ka mararka qaarkood waxa laga keenaa biogeography - qaybinta juqraafiyeed ee dhirta iyo xayawaanka - iyo taxonomy - cilmiga kala-soocidda noolaha. Kuwani badanaa ma aha doodaha ugu muhiimsan. Marka evolutionists ay dood ka keenaan kala-soocidda, waa in la xusuusiyaa in evolutionist-ka, ee aan fosilladu, uu amoeba unug keliya ah safka hore dhigo, ka dibna hydra unugyo badan leh, dixiri saddex-lakab ah, amphioxus, kalluun, amphibian, reptile, naasley hoose, daanyeer hoose, daanyeer sare iyo ugu dambayn aadanaha. Kala horreyntaas waa mid la sameeyey. Sida buugaag shelf loogu habeeyo fudud ilaa adag aanu u caddayn in buugaagtu "evolved", sidaas oo kale kala-soociddu ma caddaynayso in hal nooc nololeed mid kale ka soo baxay. Noocyo fudud iyo kuwo adag labaduba isku mar baa la samayn kari lahaa. Dooddan kala-soociddu waxay hore u qaadataa waxa ay ahayd inay caddayso.

2 Dooddan si faahfaahsan ayaa loogu eegay maqaal wanaagsan oo C. E. A. Turner ah, "Phantom Ancestors", oo laga soo koobay buug-yare uu Evolution Protest Movement daabacay cinwaankiisuna yahay Horse Sense about Horse Evolution. Eeg Science Section, ed. D. A. B. Owen, The Testimony, 34, No. 401 (May 1964), pp. 171-173.

ii. Diiwaanka fosilladu ma muujiyo taxane si fiican u kala gudbaya oo ka socda fudud ilaa adag.

Diiwaankiisu waa mid kala go'go'an. Noocyo badan ayaa si lama filaan ah uga soo muuqda kaydadka Cambrian.

B iyo C. Morphology, Anatomy isbarbardhig ah, iyo Embryology

a) Caddaynta loo baahan yahay - Waa in la muujiyo in x iyo y ay yihiin qaybo ka mid ah taxane taariikheed oo isbeddello horumar leh, ama in x tijaabo ahaan loo beddeli karo si uu u dhalo y iyada oo la adeegsanayo isbeddel genetic gaar ah.

b) Caddaynta maqan: i. Marka la isbarbardhigo qaab-dhismeedka baalka shimbir, dabaasha nibiri iyo gacanta aadanaha, waxaa la arkaa isu ekaansho qaab-dhismeed. Laakiin isu ekaanshuhu wuxuu si la mid ah u tilmaami karaa naqshadeeye wadaag ah sida uu u tilmaami karo farac ka yimid qaabab hore. ii. Caddaynta morphology, anatomy iyo embryology waxay ku tiirsan tahay sheegashooyinka paleontology iyo genetics: diiwaanka fosilladu ma muujinayaa taxane si fiican uga socda fudud ilaa adag, genetics-na ma bixisaa hab ay nooluhu muddada dheer uga gudbi karaan fudud una noqdaan kuwo sii adag?

D. Genetics

a) Caddaynta loo baahan yahay - Caddayn tijaabo ah oo muujinaysa in arrimo kedis ahi ay soo saari karaan oo sii kobcin karaan kakanaanta qaab-dhismeedka noolaha.

1 Alfred Norris wuxuu xusay in tusaalooyin gaar ah mararka qaarkood loo sheegto inay ka soo horjeedaan dooddan, gaar ahaan evolution-ka faraska laga bilaabo eohippus yar oo eey le'eg oo suulo badan leh ilaa faraska casriga ah ee weyn oo hal suul leh. Norris wuxuu ku doodaa in xitaa haddii taxanahaas si buuxda loo caddeeyo, waxa lagu bilaabayo iyo waxa lagu dhammaanayo labaduba yihiin naasley mandheer leh oo isla nooca aasaasiga ah. Wuu weynaaday oo suulal baa ka yaraaday, laakiin tani wax caddeyn ah kama bixiso in noolaha ka fudud uu isu beddelayo mid ka adag. Alfred Norris, "Where Science and Religion Meet: Is Evolution a Fact?" The Christadelphian, 102, No. 1208 (Feb. 1965), pp. 59-62.

2 Mararka qaarkood xubno loo yaqaan vestigial organs - hadhaagii xubno hawl lahaa ee xayawaan kale - ayaa loo soo bandhigaa caddayn evolution. Waxaa la yidhaahdaa xubnaha sida coccyx-ka ama appendix-ku shaqo uma laha aadanaha, laakiin awoowayaashii hore ayay shaqo u lahaayeen. Dooddani waxay u qaadanaysaa in haddii shaqo aan la aqoon, shaqo jirin. Weidersham wuxuu taxay 180 xubnood oo uu u arkay "xamuul aan faa'iido lahayn". Cilmi-baaris dambe ayaa muujisay in tiro yar oo keliya ay maanta yihiin xubno aan hawl la garanayn marxalad kasta oo nolosha aadanaha. Evolutionists badan ayaa dhaliila caddayntan maadaama liiska "xamuulka aan faa'iidada lahayn" sii yaraanayo. Eeg H. Enoch, Evolution or Creation (London: Evangelical Press, 1968), pp. 14-21. Si evolution loo caddeeyo, waa in la muujiyo xubno cusub oo soo baxaya - xubno xayawaan cusub yeeshay oo aan awoowayaashii hore lahayn. Caddayn noocaas ah wali lama helin.

b) Caddaynta maqan: i. Inkasta oo taranta xulashada ahi ay soo saartay noocyo badan oo dhir iyo xayawaan ah oo xaalado si taxaddar leh loo xakameeyey ku tarma si deggan, xaqiiqda ah in ku dhowaad dhammaantood aysan si fiican uga sii noolaan karin dabeecadda waxay si xooggan u tilmaamaysaa in habkani aanu si weyn uga caawin karin evolution. ii. Kala-duwanaansho ka jira isla heer urur - sida Drosophila, duqsiga miraha - ma caddaynayo in nidaamka hadda jira uu ka soo gudbay noolaha unug keliya ilaa mandheer adag. iii. Sannado shaqo ah iyo malaayiin doolar oo cilmi-baaris ah ayaa lagu bixiyey furitaanka sirta koodhka genetics-ka. Haddii wax, tani waxay tilmaamaysaa qorshayn ula kac ah iyo faham aad u sarreeya oo ka dambeeya samaysankiisa. Weli waa in la caddaystaa inuu si kedis ah ku iman karo.

1 Guud ahaan waxaa la aqbalaa in genes-ku - go'aamiyaasha hidde-sideyaasha - ay u janjeeraan inay species-ka joogteeyaan. Si kastaba, genes-ku waxay geli karaan isbeddel (mutation), si astaanta la go'aamiyo ay uga duwanaato tii hore oo haddana u noqoto deggan. Maadaama mutations-ku qayb ka yihiin dhaxalka, evolutionists waxay u arkaan inay bixiyaan alaabta ceeriin ama habka evolution-ka. Ku dhowaad dhammaan mutations-ku waxay yareeyaan fursadda nooluhu dabeecadda ugu badbaadi karo. Paul Weisz wuxuu qoray in maadaama unug nool uu yahay nidaam aad u adag oo si wanaagsan isu dheellitiran, isbeddel joogto ahi badanaa noqon doono mid khalkhal geliya oo waxyeello leh. The Science of Biology (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960), p. 690.

BUUG-TIXRAACEED KU SAABSAN EVOLUTION-KA

A) Daabacaado Christadelphian ah. The Finger of God: Evolution or Creation? Evington, Leicester, The Testimony, 1963. Buug-yarahan 106 bog ah wuxuu waxtar u leeyahay falanqaynta takhasusyada kala duwan ee dunida xayawaanka iyo dhirta. Saameyntiisa isku dhafan waa dood ka dhan ah suurtagalnimada in arrimo kedis ahi soo saaraan takhasusyada aadka u adag ee nolosha. "Creation or Chance?" Herald of the Coming Age, Vol. 16 No. 6 (April 1966). Tani waa buug-yare kooban oo 15 bog ah oo loogu talagalay in saaxiibbada loo qaybiyo.

Nuqullo hore waxaa laga dalban karaa Logos Publications, West Beach, South Australia. "The Bible and Modern Thinking - Assent or Dissent?" The Testimony, Vol. 35 No. 417 (Sept. 1965). Majalladdan 114 bog ah waa mid uu Christadelphian kastaa akhriyo. Maqaalladeedu waxay daboolayaan isku dhacyo badan oo u dhexeeya "sayniska" iyo Kitaabka. Bogagga 402-403 waxay leeyihiin liis buugaag ay tifaftirayaashu u arkeen waxtar.

B) Daabacaado aan Christadelphian ahayn

Did Man Get Here by Evolution or by Creation? Brooklyn, New

York: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.,

1967, pp. 1-126. Buuggani qiimihiisu markii la qorayay wuxuu ahaa 25 senti, waxaana laga heli jiray Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah. Si fiican ayaa loo tixraacay, waana fudud yahay in la akhriyo. Cutubyada dambe intooda badan waxay ku saabsan yihiin caqiidada J.W., sidaas darteedna waxay siinayaan soo koobid waxtar leh oo caqiidooyinka kooxda ah kuwa wax baraya xubnaheeda ama ka jawaabaya qoraallada ay qalloociyaan.

1 Waa in la fahmo in buugaagtan loo soo jeediyey oo keliya falanqayntooda evolution-ka. Waa in si taxaddar leh loo akhriyaa, sababtoo ah qorayaashu - inkasta oo ay rumaysan yihiin waxyiga eray-erayga ah, dhammeystiran oo qalad-la'aanta Qorniinka - mararka qaarkood si khaldan ayay u fahmeen waxbarista Kitaabka ee caqiidooyinka aasaasiga ah. Bogagga lagu taliyey ayaa la xusay. Enoch, H., Evolution or Creation. Pennsylvania: Evangelical Press, London, 1968, pp. 172.

Qiimihii $1.50 wakhtigaas, buuggani wuxuu ka mid ahaa baaritaannada ugu dhammaystiran uguna nidaamsan ee sheegashooyinka evolutionists. Waxaa si gaar ah loogu taliyey Christadelphian kasta oo jaamacad gelaya. Morris, Henry. The Twilight of Evolution. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1966, pp. 1-74. Buuggan yar wuxuu leeyahay mid ka mid ah falanqaynnada ugu wanaagsan ee sida evolution-ku ugu dhex galay dhaqdhaqaaqyada Evangelical-ka. Morris waa hydrologist oo ka mid ahaa qorayaashii The Genesis Flood.